US shutdown extended: Senate adjourns until Monday- What are the ways to end deadlock

The US government shutdown continued into its third day on Friday, with no breakthrough as talks between Republican and Democratic leaders remain deadlocked.

The stalemate is likely to persist at least until next week, with the Senate delaying votes until Monday and the House canceling all votes for the coming week, resuming on October 14, according to NBC News.

Republicans have stated they will not engage in negotiations unless Democrats approve the GOP’s short-term funding bill, designed to reopen the government and provide time to discuss a broader funding solution.

What are the ways to end deadlock

If five more Democrats break ranks, the shutdown will end

Senate Democrats rejected a Republican spending bill that would have kept the govt operating until November, but that vote may have contained the seeds of their defeat. While forty-four Democrats (and Republican iconoclast Rand Paul ) voted no, two Democrats and one Democrat-allied independent sided with the Republican majority.

Independent Angus King of Maine is always somewhat unpredictable. John Fetterman of Pennsylvania has been charting his own course for nearly a year. However, Catherine Cortez Masto of Nevada, while not a liberal firebrand, is not your typical political maverick. She is, nonetheless, up for re-election next year in a state that Donald Trump carried in 2024 and which has been gradually trending Republican for years. In her statement explaining her vote, she expressed concern about the economic toll a govt closure would have on Nevada. She might also be worried about the toll it could take on her political prospects as an incumbent on the ballot when voters turn angry, BBC reported.

She is not the only member of her party from a battleground state who will be on the ballot in 2026, either. Democrats in Georgia, Virginia and Colorado could also begin to feel the heat. And while incumbents from Minnesota, Michigan and New Hampshire have chosen to retire rather than stand for re-election, they might worry that a shutdown puts Democratic control of their seats at risk too. Republican Senate leader John Thune says he is already hearing from some Democrats who are uneasy with the way the shutdown is unfolding.

He's planning a series of funding votes in the coming days to keep the pressure on. There were no new defections during the vote on Wednesday, but if five more Democrats break ranks, the shutdown will end – whether the rest of the Democratic Party wants it to or not.

Republicans can use unpaid government employees pain to pressurise Democrats

Even if the Democrats remain (relatively) united, the pressure on them to abandon the fight is likely to increase as the shutdown drags on. Govt employees are a key constituency in the party, and they will be the ones feeling the pain most immediately from delayed paycheques and the possibility that the Trump administration will use the shutdown to further slash programmes and turn their furloughs into permanent unemployment. The American public as a whole will also begin to feel the impact through curtailed govt services and economic disruption.

Typically, the party that triggers a shutdown and is making the policy demands – in this case, the Democrats – is the one that accrues the public's blame. If that's how this plays out, the party may conclude that they've made as much of a point as they can and cut their losses.

Even without tangible gains, they may be able to take comfort in the fact that they have highlighted the expiring health insurance subsidies and Republican-approved govt healthcare cuts for the poor that will be kicking in for tens of millions of Americans in the coming months. When that blame game starts, such thinking goes, they could be better positioned to reap the political benefits.

The Democratic base that has been demanding their party dig in and fight the Trump administration won't be fully satisfied, but it's the kind of off-ramp the party leadership might be able to live with. Republican leaders of the US House and Senate, including Speaker of the House Mike Johnson and Senate Majority Leader John Thune, flank a podium with a sign that reads "The Democrat Shutdown". They are outside and the National Mall stretches out behind them.

Republicans make concessions

Currently, Republicans feel they are in a position of strength and are contemplating new ways to increase the pressure on Democrats. However, it is possible they could be miscalculating and end up the ones who back away from the void. They have been behind most of the govt shutdowns in the past, and the public could hold them responsible this time too.

Perhaps out of habit or because, in their zeal to slash govt services and worker rolls, Republicans overplay their hand. In this scenario, the Republicans could provide some sufficient guarantee to Democrats that they will help to extend the health-insurance subsidies. It's not an entirely unthinkable scenario, given that Republicans are currently divided over whether those subsidies – which help their own low-income voters as well as Democrats – should be continued.

That would be a concession that could, in the end, boost their own electoral prospects and defuse an obvious line of Democratic attack in next year's midterm elections. Republicans have stated they won't negotiate with political hostage-takers, but it is possible to see grounds for compromise beneath the overheated rhetoric and acrimony.

The shutdown stretches on (and both sides lose)

At present, overheated rhetoric and acrimony are the main issues. Trump is sharing derisive, obscenity-laced AI-generated videos of his opponents. Democrats have responded with Trump-Epstein photos and promises that they are in this fight for the long haul. The last govt shutdown lasted for a record-setting 35 days, ending only after US air travel was on the verge of massive disruption.

That was only a partial shutdown, as some govt funding had been approved. This time around, the consequences could be more severe. If this extends long enough, it may not matter who "wins" by forcing the other side to fold. There will be more than enough blame to go around. In such a "pox on both houses" scenario, incumbents from both parties suffer the consequences at the ballot box next year and the public becomes even more dissatisfied with the state of affairs. This then sets the stage for the next wave of politicians promising to bring a wrecking ball to the status quo.